How effectively the systems and processes being deployed within the Essay

How adequately the frameworks and procedures being sent inside the association have adjusted to convey the associations execution targets - Essay Example The paper presents business tasks as the capacity which plans and gauges the everyday exercises inside an association. Tasks allude to the most significant capacities in an association, as it deals with all the exercises in the association. In a perfect world, business activities guarantee the accompanying elements. ï  ¶ All interior gatherings are incorporated into a similar arrangement with very much recommended jobs and obligations ï  ¶ All inner working gatherings perform all together, to ensure operational respectability, improvement of business, hazard the board and asset the executives, designation of assets, and by and large the best practices. ï  ¶ Successful correspondence among other practical offices inside the organization. ï  ¶ Participating in business making arrangements for creating procedures. ï  ¶ Working inside the requirements of an incorporated financial plan, and consolidating every monetary practice, while following other perceived arrangements, methods and controls. â€Å"While activities are commonly surely known and organized in most huge associations, business tasks in numerous little to medium estimated organizations will in general be less clear. It isn't unordinary to see useful lines or limits obscure together or; departmental duty and responsibility shared by numerous individuals inside one organization†. The frameworks and procedures assume a noteworthy job in achieving the objectives and destinations of the association. The associations accentuate in their reports about the amount they depend on the activity and frameworks. The activities of business changes from association to association. It focuses on the volume and character of the business. It depends, regardless of whether the organization centers around items or administrations, and whether the activity is little or huge. Here we have acknowledged SAMBRO International as our decision for the association examination. â€Å"Sambro International Ltd is a privately owned business arranged under Hobby, Toy, and Game Shops and situated in Manchester, United Kingdom† (Sambro International Limited 2012). It has set up as one of the significant organizations in toy fabricating in Britain. It is an exclusive assembling firm, established in 1996. The organization has two unique segments. 1) New World Toys 2) Stocklot. New World Toys creates and circulates their tip top affirmed merchandise, and their own image products. Stocklot is the organization which bargains in clearaning stock in European and UK nations, through numerous retail channels. Stocklot for the most part centers around the exchanging of huge brands, and kids' character stock at exceptionally low costs. The organization continues developing with its inventive activity innovations and utilization of cutting edge frameworks, to create creation forms. The procedures and frameworks are executed to accomplish vital objectives of the business. The for the most part critical thing is that they should ensure that these procedures are in accordance with the visualized key objectives. Accentuation on plan, execution, and measure are important for the improvement of business tasks and procedures. The pattern of this procedure is an endless procedure and a regularly enduring procedure, as it focuses on nonstop improvement. Certain means and taken in planning and executing the correct innovation based apparatuses for archive oversight, venture application, coordination, and work processes, to help process organization and adjust process. These are the speculations followed by the Sambro International for their continuous progression of creation. â€Å"One visit question is the means by which task s contrast from venture chiefs. The principle distinction is that, venture directors are center around the accomplishment of their activities, while the operational wing centers around the achievement of the office† (Barry 2010). The Role of Operations in Business: The job of activities inside an association is

Megan Guimon Essays - The Makioka Sisters, Taeko, Junichir Tanizaki

Megan Guimon Saliba Elective Calendars 11 January 2000 Change Is The Only Constant With life comes passing, with pulverization comes resurrection, and with dread regularly comes comprehension and development. Consistent change inside our condition encompasses and attacks our reality - which also is ever evolving, developing, straying and advancing. Frequently a dismal tone resonates inside this acknowledgment of uncontrolled variance. It is the miserable or dangerous encounters that one wishes could be controlled; and regularly those become progressively obvious then the delight and bliss that goes with change. All through Tanizaki's The Makioka Sisters the substance of the novel is caught utilizing nuance to portray the immortal repetitive changes in nature, therefore uncovering and improving the acknowledgment of the unavoidable temporariness that is woven into the sister's lives and encounters. Changes inside their common world immerse and irrefutably influence the lives of the characters in this novel. All through the novel the sisters are continually presented to the wonders and pulverization that the patterns of nature produce, changing and influencing their lives for brief and protracted spans. Change in nature interminably happens and figuring out how to adjust to its irregularity is frequently requested of the sisters. Tanizaki gracefully utilizes the variance of nature to gently recommend vacillation or changes that happen inside the characters. For instance, as monstrous flooding devours the Kobe-Osaka locale with pulverization, the Makioka's lives are overcome with change; but then, this unavoidable disarray empowers acknowledge for Sachiko and changes inside Taeko. The most awful flood in the region's history, its changing consequences for the stream are strikingly depicted as, less a waterway than a dark, bubbling ocean, with the mid-summer surf at its generally rough (Tanizaki 176). Its weights torment the land, and the entirety of its occupants, from leaving crabs and pooches to the Makiokas, Stoltzes, and innumerable different families. Truly pulverizing homes, railways and schools, the flood claims lives in the midst of dust storms, mud, and sand. The downpour violently uncovers its overwhelming capacities. As Sachiko looks for involving interruption from the concern that she suffers concerning Taeko's protected return, she is attracted to the photos of Taeko's exhibition of Day off the earlier month. The impacts of the flood and its overwhelming prospects urge Sachiko to see both these photos, and Taeko in a modified light. Sachiko concedes her baiting enthusiasm to a photographic posture of Taeko which uncovers a specific sensitive winsomeness and grace[in Taeko.] ...one could see from this photo that there was in her too something of the old Japanese lady, something discreetly captivating (189). Amidst disorganized torment Sachiko can value the numerous parts of who Koi-san is as opposed to focus on her sister's downfall. Furthermore, not without misery, she addresses whether it was uniquely by chance that Koi-san had been caught in this light or rather that it had been a troubled sign for the catastrophe that currently lay sneaking. For Taeko, the floods change her soul as dread and absence of excitement flourish in her heart. Her condition has ingrained a formerly unfelt feeling of dread and regard for its dominant power. Shaken, and maybe disenthralled with the progressions around her and inside her, Taeko dodges work and movement for a whole month after the heavy tempest. Taeko, ordinarily the most dynamic of the three, had clearly not recouped from the stun of the flood. This late spring she demonstrated little of her standard vitality (204). As the regular obliteration depletes her vitality it likewise changes her inclinations in Kei-kid, executing the remainder of her affection for him. Inside both of the sisters, the unavoidable changes that the floods bring, leaks further than the surface harm; offering and empowering new development and challenge inside the characters hearts and psyches. One more experience with a serious tempest, this time a Tokyo Typhoon, uncovers the annihilation and dread that nature can show, upsetting lives, and cruelly uncovering the adjustment in heading that the Makioka's esteemed lives have taken. The most noticeably terrible storm in more than ten years, twists actually shaking the house, soil and sand mightily flying through empty breaks, and dividers surging apparently prepared to blast; the family should try to avoid panicking in spite of the fact that fear cools their bones. They in the long run discover security and comfort nearby in a sturdier home than their own. The tempest not

How to Start an Essay About Myself

How to Start an Essay About MyselfHow to start an essay about myself. Sometimes we need a simple story about us to illustrate a point that we want to make in an essay. Sometimes we are confused by all the terminology and want a little guidance to get started. As a writer, or at least a writer who writes essays, I think it is a good idea to first explain what this is, and why I am writing an essay about myself.This kind of essay is called a memoir. Writing a memoir is fun and easy. You just have to find a few highlights of your life. Then write a short paragraph about yourself that shows a sense of your personality and describes the event or the happenings that made you feel that way. Be sure to talk about your thoughts and feelings about the event or those events that have happened to you. The reason this is important is because people have no problem remembering the details of events if they happened to them.A good question to ask yourself before writing a memoir is if you want to w rite an essay about yourself or not. If you answer positively then you can move on to the next step. If you answer negatively than it is best to stop there and work on something else.Usually it takes two or three minutes for you to write your first paragraph. That is fine. Your main objective is to get started writing. I know that is easier said than done but if you can manage a two or three minute essay then you can get started on a short memoir about yourself. So be careful not to rush things, you might give up too soon.When you start writing a short memoir about yourself, just keep it simple. Make it interesting by using powerful and interesting words to describe what you felt, who you were or what the event or the happening did to you. You don't have to go into great detail. If you are just starting out, it will help if you use a lot of the adjectives and adverbs that describe how it feels like to be someone else. Use common phrases that you might see everyday.Of course, there a re many ways to ask yourself the question: How to start an essay about myself. You could start by saying 'What is it that makes me uniquely me?' This question gives you something to start with and it lets you talk about yourself, your unique interests, hobbies, beliefs, dreams, goals and anything else that might be a part of your life. It also gives you a way to ask yourself if you want to write a short memoir about yourself or not.Also, before writing a paragraph to try writing an intro about yourself. Don't worry about being too fancy here. This is supposed to get your writing juices flowing. In an intro, you just describe what the event or the happenings have been to you and why you feel the way you do. It's always good to look for some examples of what you might say in an intro, and make sure you write down several possible examples. Then take the best one and include it in your writing.Sometimes the most difficult thing is just getting started on a short memoir about yourself. But with a little practice and attention to detail, it can become easy.

Mananaging Social Anxiety Disorder - 1491 Words

MANAGING SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER INTRODUCTION 1. The concept of fear dated back as far as 400 BC. During this time, Hippocrates, an ancient Greek physician described the overly shy person as â€Å"someone who loves darkness as life and thinks every man observes him†. When fear is persistent and exaggerated, it results to tension and stress and consequently, anxiety. 2. The Concise Oxford Dictionary defines anxiety as â€Å"a nervous disorder marked by a feeling of uneasiness†. An anxiety disorder involves an excessive or inappropriate state of arousal characterized by feelings of apprehension, uncertainty, or fear. There are seven common types of anxiety disorders. They include generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder,†¦show more content†¦Possible symptoms such as the mind going blank, increased heartbeat, blushing, stomach ache, nausea, and gagging may occur, thus resulting in self-defeating and inaccurate thoughts. 13. Physiological Aspects. Physiological effects, similar to those in other anxiety disorders, are present in social phobics. For example, when faced with an uncomfortable situation, children with SAD may display tantrums, weeping, clinging to parents, and shutting themselves out. In adults, it may manifest as tears, excessive sweating, nausea, shaking, and palpitations as a result of the fight-or-flight response. Additionally, blushing may be exhibited by the individuals thus, further reinforcing the anxiety in the presence of others. POSSIBLE WAYS OF MANAGING SAD 14. SAD could be managed in the following ways: a. Reducing physical symptoms of anxiety. b. Challenging Negative Thoughts. c. Gradually Facing Your Fears. 15. Reducing Physical Symptoms of Anxiety. Many changes happen in the body when a person becomes anxious. One of the first changes is that the individual experiences an increased breathing rate. Breathing rapidly throws off the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body thereby, triggering additional physical anxiety symptoms such as dizziness, a feeling of suffocation, increased heart rate, and muscle tension. Learning to slow down breathing can help bring physical symptoms of anxiety back under control. In addition to

Competition Policy Theory And Practice - 1477 Words

Market Power 1. Introduction With the development of economics, market power is a heated topic. Motta (2005) states that market power refers to the ability of firms to set prices above marginal costs in the book called Competition Policy: Theory and Practice. George A. Hay thinks â€Å"The modern concept of the market power focuses on the potential for consumers to suffer injury through the actions of a single firm or a group of firms acting in concert†(1991) in his essay about market power in antitrust. Market power is one of the standards that can measure whether a firm is a monopolist or a competitor. Generally, a monopolistic firm has high market share and possesses large market power in its industry. A typical instance is that both of Staples and Office Depot have great market power with high market share. Both of them are large United States office supply chain stores. Based on the following graph, it is easy to find that the annual sales of Staples and Office Depot are much greater than their rival, OfficeMax, given that both of the annual sales of Staples and Office Depot are more than $10 million but that of Officemax is approximately $7 million. It implies that they have more market power than other office supply stores, which illustrates that they have the power to master the market price of stationery. Source: Staples, Office Depot and OfficeMax Company websites and SEC filings Figure 1 Comparison of number of store and annual sales among Staples, Office DepotShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Competition Law And Its Effects On The Local Market And South African Economy Essay1380 Words   |  6 PagesMy interest in this paper is to consider a complex network prospective; the application of Competition Law, and more specifically related to its effects on monopolistic competition, and its effects on the local market and South African economy as a whole. South Africa (SA) was distant from many other major markets and production centers. This made it complex for international trade to compensate for these conditions, even though trade has expanded since 1994, mainly with the European (EU) and theRead MoreThe Power of Productivity by William Lewis711 Words   |  3 Pagesspirit of growth. Throughout his paper he discusses barriers to growth, competition, thinking of the consumer and productivity. In this paper about Lewis’ article we will discuss the latter areas as well as a few theories that should help increase countries’ pull themselves out of the muck. Lewis goes into depth on two main points about productivity. The first being, â€Å"†¦it is necessary to look beyond broad macroeconomic policies†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The author does comment it is important to take it into considerationRead MoreKarl Marx And Adam Smith Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesPresence of the Theories of Karl Marx Adam Smith Within the Canadian Economy Written by: Jason Kothary, Zach Shafi, Sam Girma Kevin Sallaku Research: Ryan Salehi, Zack Izzeddin, David Moffett, Cameron Bernardo, Harrison Toms, Taha Mahmood, Anthony Alexiou, Jason Kothary, Zach Shafi, Sam Girma Kevin Sallaku Canada’s economy is one that exhibits a multitude of characteristics that adhere to the capitalist and socialist constructs of a mixed system. In order to clearly define and analyze theRead MoreCompetition : A Theory Of Competition Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pagesa. Theory of Competition Competition in the economic sphere denotes the process of rivalry between firms for the patronage of customers. The European Commission defines competition as a situation in which firms or sellers â€Å"independently strive for buyers’ patronage in order to achieve aparticular business objective, for example, profits, sales, or marketshare†7. Richard Whish refers to competition in the commercial world as â€Å"a striving for the custom and business of people in the market place†8.Read MoreExport Promotion Strategy vs. Import Substitution Strategy1745 Words   |  7 Pagesthere any other aspects that EP is better than IS? In this essay, the detailed comparisons between these two strategies will be discussed in three main parts: (1) industrial sector; (2) agriculture and service sector; and (3) international trade policy. Also, the merits of IS and the limits of EP will be mentioned. 2. Comparisons between EP and IS 2.1 Definition of IS and EP: The IS strategy prescribed by structuralists such as Presbish (1950) and Myral (1957) favored expansion of the industrialRead MoreMicrosofts Human Resource Management Strategy679 Words   |  3 PagesStrategies Compensation and benefit packages for employees Policies and practices for Labor relations management Comparison with the Competitors Conclusion OBJECTIVES OF THE HRM STRATEGY To design effective talent management strategies; including recruitment and selection, motivation and retention, performance management, etc. To design competitive salary and compensation packages and decide their major components. Develop policies and procedures for building and managing strong labor relationsRead MoreCritical Thinking And Case Studies1151 Words   |  5 Pagesyou about the value of this kind of trade policy? (Hill, C., 2014). The United States tariff policy allowed the competition take over where China was stifled. By having an open trade policy with some nations, the nations were able to buy China’s tires and get them imported anyway. Seems like a nonsensical approach all around. Do you think that the policy was in the best interests of the United States? Justify your answer? (Hill, C., 2014). The trade policy we currently have in place is not in theRead MoreSocial Policy is a Pluralistic Process.973 Words   |  4 Pagesthe pluralistic process in making of social policy. The essay is divided into four main sections. It will first define the key terms as: social policy, pluralism, welfare; and describe the role of the social policy, pluralism, but also to make connection between this terms and their ideology. It will then go on to consider how social policy gets made; it can assess the extent to which different ideas actually become social policy. The different models will help to judge theRead Morecharacteristic of management1092 Words   |  5 Pagesis in constant development. 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Caring for Your Family Photos - 1692 Words

Caring for your family photos is critical to your roots, enabling you to create wonderful memories that will capture the essence of someone so beautifully. Whether we talk about portraits or photos showcasing the vacancy you have spent in the Caribbean last summer, family photos can contribute to creating your genealogy, allowing future generations to know and explore their roots. Who does not enjoy listening to stories about their ancestors, who may have done notable things during their lives? You and your family might be the ancestors your successors will be proud of. But why is everyone making so much fuss about preserving family photos as family history? Family Photos – The Beauty Within When we think about family photos, we automatically refer to those moments when you all felt great while being together. Such minutes might be one-of-a-kind in your life, and immortalizing them can help you keep them with you at any point in your life. When you look at a photo with your grandmother or grandfather, aren’t you feeling that there is something unique about the person who smiles to you from the old photo paper? His or her face expression might convey several feelings he or she was experiencing then: anger, happiness, melancholy, sadness, and so on. Family photos can capture the feeling you were having at a specific point – which truly is unique, because you will never experience it again, even if you think you do. The happiness you feel when traveling with your family willShow MoreRelatedPersonal Philosophy of Nursing1500 Words   |  6 Pagesthe primary foundations of the philosophy of Jacksonville University’s School of Nursing is based on caring in nursing. Compassion and concern for protecting and enhancing the dignity of the patient are essential components of caring. Caring in nursing is there to meet the needs of the patient, their family and their environment. 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Last Train Home free essay sample

Last Train Home The documentary Last Train Home filmed by Lixin Fan shows us what Chinese’s families’ faces when they migrate from farms to work in factories in the larger cities. With the life of Mr. Zhan as an example, we can understand the conflict and suffering that these families have. They lose theirs so called â€Å"Hokou† which is â€Å"a household registration system that is designed to aid the distribution of welfare and resources, and keep watch on criminal activity†, and also they leave their children in the farms to be taken care of the grandmother which leads to broken homes. However they leave all theirs precious thing behind only because they are seeking to give a better chance of life to their loved ones. To better understand this analysis of the documentary some terms like capitalism, outsourcing, globalization, inequality and poverty need to be explained. Capitalism is an economic system that the means of its production is private owned to create goods and services for profit, competitive markets and wage labor. We will write a custom essay sample on Last Train Home or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Outsourcing is when a business is contracting out some business function, previously performed in-house, to an external provider. Globalization is a phenomenon generated by the dynamics of capitalism needs to forma a global village that allows the largest markets for the developed countries whose domestic markets are already saturated. Inequality is the unequal distribution of income of a country, but there are also other factors such as poor education background inefficient investments in a country in social areas. Poverty is the material deprivation, typically involving the needs of everyday life such as food, clothing, and housing and health care, it can be understood as the lack of essential goods and services. China’s government is trying to take the country out of poverty by taking advantage of the globalization by outsourcing their services, especially cheap labor. The government is using some Utilitarian way of thinking when trying to make the most number of people happy by providing jobs for the population. However the working conditions are poor, we can even say that they are unethical, as we see in the documentary when Mr. Zhan fell of sick the factory did not provide him any medical attention. We see that China’s factories have long shifts including nights, do not have sick days and the pay is really low. The factories even charge for the food and shelter that they provide. China’s government should realize that not only proving a job that will make the most amount of population happy, but improve the workings conditions would be really helpful. Globalization helped China turn into a superpower country because of factories cheap labor. Almost every country now wants to import goods and services from China because of that. Adam Smith’s Theory says that â€Å"a man has a natural inclination towards self-interesting†, so competition for the cheapest price makes the factories in China explore more and more the workers. Competition has a good and bad side. The good side is that when competing for labors prices more factories are open which provide more jobs for the population. However on the other hand the bad side of competition is that factories tent to explore their workers to get even more cheap prices to the goods outsourced. With this awful competition, everyone’s self-interesting is being promoted but the workers. The consumers play a big role in this cruel reality that explores cheap labor, by buying products made in these factories. This anger for cheap products forces the labor to get cheaper and it promotes an unjust society. Indirectly Western Companies and consumers do have some responsibility for the poverty that Chinese’s workers find themselves in, the companies by outsourcing their services, and the consumer by keeping buying these cheap goods. But the employers are the ones that should provide these workers some economic safety net. We all know that a wall-paid worker produces more, and if their need are taken care of, the workers don’t have to keep their minds on problems outside the job, instead they would concentrate and make even less mistakes. The government is the one that should benefit the workers the most, by forcing the factories to build their building in various regions of the country, so the workers did not have to travel so far to see their families. As we saw in the documentary it took days for Mr. And Mrs. Zhan to get home from the factories. The government should also pass laws to improve the working conditions and to benefit the work force in the country. Some long-term consequences that the rural community village suffers are broken homes and lack of people to work. The documentary showed that Qin repeated her parent’s cycle of poverty by dropping out of school. Some factors that led her to repeat the cycle were that she wanted to have her own independent life, she felt abandoned by her parents and she felt very pressure by them in relation to school. In the documentary we can see the pressure that the parents put on their children when Mr. and Mrs. Zhan came to celebrate New Year’s, most of their conversation was about their kids school, and how good Qin and her brother Yang were doing on it. In this case when parents leave their children in care of others, most of the kids have no respect for them because they cannot connect the families ties with the parents. Confucian Values has had a lot of cultural influence in China. Confucianism is known as â€Å"filial piety† it is considered one of the essentials virtues in preparing children for a respectful conduct of everyday life. As Qin repeats the cycle of poverty of her parents she disrespects this virtue taught by her culture that they consider so valuable. All these kids that drop out of school cannot measure the consequences that the lack of education will make them disadvantage for their professional life. Since most of the adults left the villages to go to work in factories, the elderly and the children are the ones who have to do all the work in the farms. In closing, this analysis of the documentary Last Train Home which is about the migrant workers in China and the role that Western Companies and consumers play in these workers poverty, we can conclude that the poverty problem in China is far from being solved. It depends on various factors, especially the government, is the one that should start doing some policies changes in favor of the working labor, along with the factories owners. As Gandhi once said that one of the things that will destroys us is â€Å"business without morality†, we all should take in consideration this immoral exploration that is happening in China and start doing the part that is up to us to help those people. Works Cited Last Train Home. Dir Lixin Fan. Perf. Changhua Zhan, Suqin Chen, Qin Zhang, Yang Zhang, and Tingsui Tang. Zeitgest Video, 2010. Documentary. Boatright, John Raymond. Ethics and the conduct of business. 6th ed. New Jersey: Pearson, 2009.

Performance Appraisal as a Tool for Achieving Organizational and Employee Development

Overview of RMRDC The Raw Materials Research and Development Council (RMRDC) promotes the development of industrial raw materials in the Republic of Nigeria. It also oversees the utilisation of the same minerals, while its activities are considered part of the Nigerian government on a federal level.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Performance Appraisal as a Tool for Achieving Organizational and Employee Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The organisation started in 1988 and has grown to become an essential institution that supports federal service. It serves many stakeholders who are involved in the country’s vast raw material sector. The organisation began when the country had limited foreign exchange earnings. At the time, Nigeria relied on petroleum products. With the functioning RMRDC, the country can lower its import bill by focusing on domestic raw material production, rather than rely o n imports (RMRDC, 2015). Background of the study This study will focus on the subject of performance appraisal. According to Armstrong (1998), researchers mainly concentrate on accuracy and fairness whenever they are conducting performance appraisal studies. This is a subject under Human Resource Management (HRM), and it refers to the use of tools and frameworks to enhance the productivity of human capital within organisations. When organisations measure their performance, they gain insights into their operations and can, therefore, address emerging issues related to performance. This can be in the actual sense of speed of delivery or the impediments to delivery. Being able to identify these areas allows the organisation to respond appropriately to avoid trouble and build on its past and ongoing successes. As a result, the use of performance appraisals can be a way of achieving competitive advantages.  Employees can offer their viewpoints on different aspects of their jobs with th e systematic evaluation and its related adjustments. They use the process to improve their performance and get a basis for earning rewards. This reason makes the performance appraisal concept crucial as an HRM tool and highlights its ability to help realise capabilities of an organisation’s human resources.  Although performance appraisal increases employee productivity, much is unknown about its effects on financial performance.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Pollitt and Bouckaert (2011), there is no research evidence available for the link. Nevertheless, the consensus among researchers and practitioners is that the process should be continuous and involve supervisors who regularly evaluate their approach to measuring the performance of subordinate employees. The benefits of appraisal include an increase in efficacy, productivity, and morale. Many organisations exist as hierarchical structures. Such organisations require structured performance appraisals so that they can tell what each department in different levels is doing and why the problems that arise at any level fail to be resolved. With the information, the organisation can streamline its decision-making processes and achieve a better execution of strategic choices. It also moves away from the chaos that can plague its administrative hierarchy (DeVries, 1983).  The definition of performance appraisal follows its tie to human resources, which is regarded as a source of competitive advantage for organisations (Farndale Kelliher, 2013). It can be a review, evaluation, or discussion about the development of employees in relation to the present standards. After examination, result documentation of the comparison occurs and the information serves as a guideline for intervening in employee relationships concerning their jobs and the realisation of an organisation’s objectives (Farndale Kelliher, 2013). The employment of performance appraisal leads to the identification of staff members needing training, promotion, demotion, retrenchment, firing, or recognition, among other eventualities within the mandate of human resource departments (Farndale Kelliher, 2013). Aim This study aims to look at performance appraisal in the context of an organisation’s determination to achieve employee development. Therefore, the study is going to focus on the Raw Materials Research and Development Council of Nigeria. In doing so, it will specifically concentrate on how subordinate employees within the organisation perceive the existing performance appraisal methods used by the organisation. It will also examine the outcome of the evaluation of management staffs and the subordinate staffs. Lastly, the research will consider the strengths and weaknesses of the performance appraisal program at RMRDC in seeking to find out areas that can be improved or intr oduced. Objectives To determine the perception of subordinate employees on performance appraisal program at RMRDC To examine the strengths and weaknesses of performance appraisal program used by RMRDC To examine the goal and outcome of performance appraisal in RMRDC on the subordinate employee level and management employee level To identify gaps in the efficacy of the current performance appraisal program in structure and purpose regarding best practices and organisational context. Justification of the research The research will be useful in the Nigerian organisations’ context because of the following contributions.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Performance Appraisal as a Tool for Achieving Organizational and Employee Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It will enhance the view of performance appraisal and lead to its appreciation as a productivity tool for firms. It will result in the pr oper structuring of performance appraisals after highlighting the strengths and limitations of the current structure at RMRDC. The study will provide organisational insight that practitioners can readily apply to their respective institutions to realise the additional potential of their human resources. It will lead to the identification of the role and relevance of different stakeholders in a government agency, such as RMRDC It will highlight the benefits of performance appraisal from an empirical context. Purpose of the research The basis of this research is to understand the impact of performance appraisal program/s at RMRDC on the council’s staff. It will result in is a significant contribution of information that is integral in decision-making by stakeholders for the improvement of the program/s or process of performance appraisal. Evaluation of the Relevant Literature Performance management links corporate objectives, performance standards, and evaluation in one proces s, which is used by managers to serve the following three roles in an organisation. First, it assists in the administration, development, and communication functions of any entity (Beam, 2008). In its administrative role, it captures staffing, compensation, promotion, and punishment or rewards for members of the organisation to ensure that the human resource functions optimally. In its development role, it identifies and builds potential for future performance. It gives an organisation a capability that it can tap on when conditions are favourable. In its communication role, performance management seeks to offer feedback to employees concerning how they are executing their duties. According to Brown (2008), records of performance appraisals help employees to fight against wrongful dismissal.  The development of appraisal instruments so that the measurement of human effort is objective and accurate is an important research issue under performance appraisal (Cash, 2010). At the same time, Glaveli and Karassavidou (2011) noted that research tends to focus on supervisors and employee characteristics, thereby highlighting their bias on performance appraisal ratings. Lastly, research on the subject has also concentrated on the process as it is executed within organisations (Sinclair, 2005). Techniques of appraisal for management purposes can be observational or actual measurements. Organisations use ratings in their simple applications, and behaviour anchor scales in complex applications. This follows the theoretical assumptions of motivation. According to Watkins (2011), problems with performance appraisals relate to the lack of focus, poor training, inefficient communication, and biased criteria. A number of motivational theories can help explain performance appraisals. They include the Maslow’s needs hierarchy theory and the Herzberg’s two-factor theory because of their elaborate description and fit in organisational contexts (Watkins 2011). Accor ding to Watkins (2011), other relevant theories in performance appraisal include the expectancy theory, goal-setting theory, and the McClelland’s needs achievement theory.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The goal setting theory helps to explain better how employees operate in the work environment. It also offers insights on how to influence employee performance. It relates to the direction of employee attention. The theory encourages effort and provides avenues for encouraging persistence. Managers can use the theory to foster goal attainment and following of strategic action plans. The theory is relevant because every performance appraisal starts with a goal. The concept of performance appraisal management became famous in the mid-1980s, and Barry (2007) coined it. Since then, researchers have explored it further. Armstrong (2011) considers it a strategic and integrated approach. It offers sustained success of the organisation. This happens through the improvement of performance appraisal for people and the creation of capability teams and individual contributors (Armstrong, 2011).  Therefore, performance appraisal is strategic, systematic, and holistic. It concerns the broader i ssues facing an organisation, as much as it is detailed on specific individual performance. Based on the research by Bach (2004), performance appraisal relates to behaviour and results. Behaviour comes from a performer. It transforms performance appraisal into action. Behaviour is an instrument for the result, and it is an outcome of mental and physical efforts. However, this is only as long as the mental and physical efforts go to a specified task. Therefore, behaviour can be judged independently or as part of a task. In the end, performance appraisal is reactive. Theoretical framework Scholars have examined individual employee performance for many years. Nowadays, researchers and practitioners agree that employees play an important part in a firm’s competitive advantage realisation. Rao (2011) sees that competitive advantages, in this case, arise in the presence of four conditions. Based on the resource-based theory of the firm, the researcher notes that the conditions are addition of value to a company, rarity of skills or advantages gained, difficulty in imitating human capital investments, and the ability to structure and program jobs so that employees work as desired. These conditions were also supported by research by Waldman (2011) and Barry (2007) concerning difficulties in other firms replicating another firm’s strategy. Based on the above citations, it is clear that the behaviour of employees in a firm affects the performance of the particular company. Therefore, performance appraisal will result in changes in organisational performance because it affects employee performance. It can affect motivation and skills of staffs positively. The associated return on investment due to increased performance and growth should result in better financial performance. Based on the understanding, it is possible to use these effects as dependent variables. Review of empirical studies Studies show that individuals’ attitudes and feelings about t heir work affect their behaviour at work and their attitude towards work practices, such as performance appraisals that human resource departments use (Chang Chen, 2011). According to Waldman (2011), age, tenure, and job experience predict the results of an employee’s appraisal.   On the other hand, Sinclair (2005) considered age, tenure, salary, and education, and performance appraisal as having a negative relationship. Other studies that look at the relationship between job attitudes and behavioural aspects are Downs and Swailes (2013) – a capability approach to organisational talent management, Dimba (2010) – on strategic human resource practices and how they affect employee performance, and Farndale and Kelliher (2013) with a study on the exploration of performance appraisal on the implementation of performance appraisal. The three studies support the findings by Sinclair (1995). They record relationships between job attitudes and behavioural aspects that can lead to, interfere, promote, and arise from the individual performance evaluation.  The findings can be inconclusive and mixed. Meier (2005) indicated that the direction of the relationship between organisational commitment and other variables was conditional and relied on the types of commitment. On the other hand, a significant, positive relationship happened when there were affective commitment and performance appraisal. A negative relationship existed between continual engagement and performance appraisal, which was an illustration of the inconclusiveness of the present research and highlighted the need for additional studies on the same. According to Esu (2009), demographic factors and job attitudes like job satisfaction and commitment to a particular organisation are important because they are associated with positive results in an organisation. They lead to increased effectiveness and efficiency in the organisation. At the same time, Waldman (2007) indicates that diver sity in individual characteristics has the potential to affect decision-making for performance appraisal. Research Philosophy Research philosophy relates to the development of research background, research knowledge, and nature, with research philosophy being a broad framework that comprises of perception, beliefs, understanding of theories, and research practices. Therefore, research philosophy acts as a precise process encompassing the steps that the researcher will undertake to create a relationship between the objectives and questions that the research seeks to answer (Galliers, 1991). Philosophical and Methodological Considerations This research will use a mixed method approach, where there will be primary and secondary sources of data. In the main research part, data collection will take place using questionnaires as the instruments. The questionnaires will be delivered to RMRDC staffs chosen to participate in the research. Therefore, RMRDC will be the case study organisation. The study is going to include two interviews with two directors of the Council. The study timeline will cover the questionnaire survey first, before proceeding to the interviews with the directors. The expectation is that out of 30 questionnaires, at least 20 will be filled accurately and completely to aid in the analysis part of the study. The figure below elaborates the study process. Figure 1: Research onion showing the process of study (Saunders, 2009). The following section provides definitions and elaborations of the different concepts that inform the methodology of the proposed research. Data Collection Data collection relates to the act of getting information about a particular research question to inform decisions and analysis that seek to answer a research question. This study will use surveys and interviews among the available data collection methods. The survey uses questionnaires as an instrument for collecting data. With questionnaires, respondents get forms that hav e specified questions that they have to answer. Questions will be both structured and unstructured. Structured questions require a particular response, while the other questions provide freedom for the individual to answer. The research will try to interpret the responses based on the study criteria. Interviews differ from questionnaires in the way they are conducted. Interviews could embrace structured answers or unstructured questions, depending on the needs of the study. In this case, both will suffice. Usually the researcher and the interviewee meet physically or virtually. Cross-sectional Study Cross-sectional studies are specially constructed explorations into a research question. The study collects data for a defined population. Cross-sectional studies happen once or for a short time. The aim of a cross-sectional study is to estimate the existence of a hypothesis in a given population. The researcher surveys information from a set of literature as a way of doing it as a secon dary research. The literature sample will be selected using keywords, the focus of the studies consulted, and the time of research or any other relevant criteria. In this case, the keywords will be performance appraisal and human resource management. The focus will be on the keywords and public organisations, while the time will be the last decade. The findings will then be summarised to give a description of the secondary data. Case Study A case study is an in-depth investigation into an event or organisation. Data is gathered from different sources. A case study relies on several methods of research. Therefore, a case study is a research that includes all or any other research methods, such as surveys. It can be a cross-sectional study too, given that this research will be based on RMRDC. A case study allows the researcher to investigate a topic in a detailed way that would be impossible when there are so many participants and too many variables. In this regard, a case study is on ly an approach, but it is not a research method. It uses typical research methods highlighted above (Bryman Bell, 2011). Multi Methods As the name suggests, multi-method research relates to the inclusion of two or more methods of research in one study. It mixes qualitative and quantitative data, methods and methodologies, or paradigms to arrive at a comprehensive finding that would be impossible or shoddily done with only one method or research tool. It can be simply the inclusion of different standpoints, and may use many methods and standpoints (Bryman Bell, 2011). Inductive Research The inductive research follows the inductive reasoning, where the intention is to provide significant evidence for a conclusion. Thus, the study provides evidence to support a conclusion, which makes the conclusion probable pending further research that can confirm or deny it. The evidence presented in the study will support a conclusion about performance appraisal and its application at RMRDC (Brym an Bell, 2011). Positivist Learning Positivist learning concerns the collection of information that is observable and classifiable. It leaves out internal meanings, motives, and feelings or emotions of individuals, and only concentrates on the explainable and observable facts. Therefore, positivist learning relies on statistical data to facilitate learning. In positivist learning, correlations of different variables matter (Bryman Bell, 2011). Ethical Considerations This study will explain its importance to the organisation in question as a way of gaining acceptance. The researcher will seek permission from the relevant authorities before proceeding with the research. Respondents will volunteer information and the only information collected in relation to identity will be demographic collected used for specified exploration tenacities only. Here, staffs at RMRDC will receive requests for research and have seven days to respond. There will be no incentives used to obtain informatio n. The expectation of the research is that all participants will provide accurate information without coercion. The participants will only access their responses and will not find any opportunity to know what other participants will answer. This option seeks to safeguard the job interest of participants and prevent any victimisation by colleagues, supervisors, or directors at RMRDC. Contingency Plan I have earmarked two directors for the interview and two chief scientific officers as alternatives in case the directors are not available for the research. The intention here is to use 20 questionnaires. Nevertheless, the researcher will commence an inquiry with 30 questionnaires presented to the Council. Conclusion It is important to understand the performance appraisal from a particular organisation’s context so that other practitioners can have a credible example to relate. Using a positivist learning approach, this research will contribute significantly to the existing litera ture on factors affecting the realisation of performance appraisal objectives in public organisations. Other than the meeting of research objectives, the shortfalls of this research could arise because of a small sample size and failure of participants to provide accurate information. However, the study will rely on professional conduct of the research process to increase its validity. References Armstrong, M., Baron, A. (1998). Performance management: the new realities. London, UK: Institute of Personnel and Development. Bach, S. (2004). Employee participation and union voice in the National Health Service. Human Resource Management Journal, 14(2), 3-19. Barry, J. M. (1997). Performance management: A case study. Journal of Environmental Health, 60(4). Web. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2011). Business Research Methods (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. Beam, G. (2001). Quality public management: What it is and how it can be improved and advanced. Chicago, IL: Burnham Publishers. Berman, E. M., Bowman, J. S., West, J. P., Wart, M. R. (2012). Human resource management in public service: Paradoxes, processes and problems (4th ed.). New York, NY: SAGE Publications. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2011). Business research methods (3rd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Cash, J. (2010, May/June). Human resource management handbook. Harvard Business Review, 3. Chang, P.-C., Chen, S. J. (2011). Crossing the level of employee’s performance: HPWS, affective commitment, human capital, and employee job performance in professional service organizations. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(4), 883-901. DeVries, D. L. (1983, August 26). Viewing performance appraisal with a wide-angle lens. Web. Dimba, B. A. (2010). Strategic human resource management practices: effect on performance. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 1(2), 128-137. Downs, Y., Swailes, S. (2013). A capability approach to organizational talent management. Human Res ource Development International, 16(3), 1-15. Esu, B. B. (2009). A case for performance management in the public sector in Nigeria. International Journal of Business Management, 4(4), 98-105. Farndale, E., Kelliher, C. (2013). Implementing performance appraisal: exploring the employee experience. Human Resource Management, 52(6), 878 – 897. Galliers, R. (1991). Choosing appropriate information systems research approaches: A revised taxonomy. In R. Galliers (Ed.), Information systems research: Issues, methods and practical guidelines (pp. 144–162). Oxford, UK: Blackwell. Glaveli, N., Karassavidou, E. (2011). Exploring a possible route through which training affects organizational performance: the case of a Greek bank. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(14), 2892-2923. Harper, S., Vilkinas, T. (2005). Determining the impact of an organisation’s performance appraisal management system. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 43(1), 76-97 . Lawler, E. E. (1994). Performance appraisal management: the next generation. Compensation and Benefits Review, 26(3), 16 –19. Pollitt, C. Bouckaert, G. (2004). Public management reform: a comparative analysis. (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Rao, V. (2004). Performance management and appraisal systems. New Delhi, India: Response Books, a division of Sage Publications. Ristow, A. (1998). Transformational leadership and organisational effectiveness in the administration of cricket in South Africa, Rhodes University, Faculty of Commerce. MSc Thesis. Web. RMRDC. (2015). Raw Materials Research and Development Council. Web. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., Thornhill, A. (2003). Research methods for business students. Harlow, England: Prentice Hall. Sinclair, D., Zairi, M. (1995). Effective process management through performance measurement: Part III-an integrated model of total quality-based performance measurement. Business Process Management Journal, 1(3), 50-65. doi :10.1108/14637159510103220 Waldman, D. (2011) Performance in organisations: Determinants and appraisal. Glenview: Scott, Foresman and Company. Watkins, R. (2007). Designing for performance, PART 3: Design, develop, and improve. Perf. Improv., 46(4), 42-48. doi:10.1002/pfi.124 This proposal on Performance Appraisal as a Tool for Achieving Organizational and Employee Development was written and submitted by user Melody Gentry to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Lesson Plan Step #8 Assessment and Follow-Up

Lesson Plan Step #8 Assessment and Follow-Up In this series about lesson plans, were breaking down the 8 steps you need to take to create an effective lesson plan for the elementary classroom. The final step in a successful lesson plan for  teachers is Learning Goals, which coming  after defining the following steps:   ObjectiveAnticipatory SetDirect InstructionGuided Practice  ClosureIndependent PracticeRequired Materials and Equipment An  8-step lesson plan is not complete without the final step of Assessment. This is where you assess the final outcome of the lesson and to what extent the learning objectives were achieved. This is also your chance to adjust the overall lesson plan to overcome any unexpected challenges that may have arisen, preparing you for the next time you teach this lesson. Its also important to make note of the most successful aspects of your lesson plan, to ensure that you continue to capitalize on strengths and continue to push forward in those areas.   How to Assess Learning Goals Learning goals can be assessed in a variety of ways, including through quizzes, tests, independently performed worksheets, cooperative learning activities, hands-on experiments, oral discussion, question-and-answer sessions, writing assignments, presentations, or other concrete means. However, its important to remember that you may have students who better display their mastery of a topic or skill through non-traditional assessment methods, so try to think about creative ways you can assist those students in demonstrating mastery. Most importantly, teachers need to ensure that the Assessment activity is directly and explicitly tied to the stated learning objectives  you developed in step one of the lesson plan. In the learning objective section, you specified what students would accomplish and how well they would have to be able to perform a task in order to consider the lesson satisfactorily accomplished. The goals also had to fit within your district or state educational standards for the grade level. Follow-Up: Using the Results of the Assessment Once the students have completed the given assessment activity, you must take some time to reflect on the results. If the learning objectives were not adequately achieved, you will need to revisit the lesson in a different manner, revising the approach to learning. Either you will need to teach the lesson again or youll need to clear up areas that confused several of the students. Whether or not most students showed understanding of the material, based on the assessment, you should note how well students learned different parts of the lesson. This will allow you to modify the lesson plan in the future, clarifying or spending more time on areas where the assessments showed the students were weakest. Student performance on one lesson tends to inform performance on future lessons, giving you insight into where you should take your students next. If the assessment showed the students fully grasped the topic, you may want to proceed immediately to more advanced lessons. If understanding was moderate, you may want to take it slower and reinforce the takeaways. This may require teaching the entire lesson again, or, just portions of the lesson. Assessing different aspects of the lesson in greater detail can guide this decision.   Examples of Types of Assessments Quiz: a short series of questions with right and wrong answers that may not count towards a grade.Test: a longer or more in-depth series of questions that probes for more understanding of the topic and may count towards a grade.Class discussion: rather than a quiz or test that is scored, a discussion helps identify understanding. Its important to make sure all students are able to demonstrate mastery here, so that no one is lost in the shuffle.  Hands-on experiment: Where the subject matter is appropriate, the students apply the lesson to an experiment and record the outcomes.Worksheet: Students fill out a worksheet, especially for math or vocabulary lessons, but it also could be developed for many topics.Cooperative Learning activities: Students work in a group to solve a problem or have a structured discussion.Illustrations or Graphic Organizers: These can include Venn diagrams, K-W-L (Know, Want to Know, Learned) charts, flow charts, pie charts, concept maps, character traits, c ause/effect diagrams, spider web, cloud chart,T-chart, Y-chart, semantic feature analysis,fact/opinion chart, star chart, cycle chart, and other appropriate graphic  organizers. Often the subject will determine which works best as an assessment tool. Edited by Stacy Jagodowski

Tourism Management in Egypt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tourism Management in Egypt - Essay Example While France is ranked as the 1st with over 81 million tourists visiting the country every year, and Mexico is ranked as 10th attracting 22 million tourists a year, Egypt is attracting only 8 million tourists. These statistics reflect the fact that Egypt is not successful in manipulating all the factors that may enable the country to be one of the top tourism destinations in the world. The attitude of low class Egyptians towards tourists, the destruction of the environment, and the lack of effective publicity campaigns are the main problems, which hider the development of the tourism sector in Egypt, requiring extensive efforts to be done from the government in order to revive this sector. The first problem that the tourism sector in Egypt faces is the attitude of the low class citizens towards tourists. This sort of problem can be observed in almost any place where tourists exist in Egypt. Harassment is the clearest annoyance directed towards tourists by many Egyptians. For example, tourists are always victims of over pricing by many shop owners and vendors in tourist places. Also, beggars harass tourists wherever they go in a manner that annoys those tourists severely. Accordingly, those harassed tourists may develop a negative feeling towards Egypt, making it hard to convince them to revisit Egypt. Actually, there are many researches, which show that the impression a tourist develops about a certain place affects his decision for visiting this same place in the future. In a research that was conducted in the small village of Bighodi in Uganda about the reason behind the increase in the number of tourists visiting this village, it was discovered that the residents of this village have a positive attitude towards tourists (Lepp). This attitude results from their awareness that tourism increases the income of the village, improves agricultural markets, and helps in community development. This research shows the strong effect of the residents' attitude in increa sing or decreasing the number of tourists visiting a specific place. Although Bighodi is a small village in a poor country that lacks sources and services that are essential for any touristic country to have, yet the welcoming attitude of the citizens of Bighodi succeeds in attracting tourists from different places in the world. Thus, the case of the Bighodi village gives a clear indication about the effect of people’s behavior towards tourists on the revival of the tourism sector in a given place. Consequently, it is hard to revive the tourism sector in Egypt without changing the bad behavior of some Egyptians towards tourists. The main solution for this problem of the bad attitude towards tourists in Egypt is to develop awareness among Egyptians about the importance of tourism for the economy of the country. Again, the Egyptian government may take guidance in the experience of the village of Bighodi. The residents of Bighodi were not taught how to treat tourists and how to be welcoming to them, but their good attitude comes out of their awareness of the importance of tourism to their village. For example, the Egyptian government should make it clear for the people that the tourism industry in the country forms almost 15% of the national

Four Criminal Law Questions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Four Criminal Law Questions - Research Paper Example Thinking about stealing a purse is not enough. One must think about it (men rea) and actually steal the purse (actus reus) for there to be a crime. Constructive possession: where an individual has actual control over property. He may not necessarily have actual ownership or possession of the same assets. A person with constructive control is equated as having the same legal position as a person with actual possession. For example, a person may own a car, and have actual possession of it, but a person who is let the keys and drives the car has constructive possession of the car. Actual possession: is actual control or ownership of an item or piece of property. In the example above, one has actual possession of a car if it is owned by him. He may give constructive possession away to others who may borrow the car, but still maintain actual possession. Mere possession: is the possession of property without ownership of said property. It is the simple physical possession of an item, and does not infer rightful ownership or actual control over the item. No knowledge of the item’s existance is necessary. It is used in child pornography cases many times, as mere possession of such pornography, regardless if one looked at it or maintained control over it, is enough. Actual knowledge of the item in ones possession or area of control is not needed. Knowing possession: possession of materials with actual knowledge that the item is in one’s control. A higher level of possession than mere possession. Used often in dangerous weapons cases, where possession must be knowing; if one didn’t actually know there was an illegal item in his control, mere possession is not enough. Criminal omission: Omission, or the failure to act, constitutes an actus reus (guilty act) when the law imposes a duty to act, and the defendant breaches that duty. Some may have a medical, contractual duty to act, and

Why Plato thinks Philosophers should be Kings Essay Example for Free

Why Plato thinks Philosophers should be Kings Essay Platos strategy in the Republic is to explicate the primary notion of societal or political justice and then parallel it to the concept of individual justice. Before he can prove that justice is a good thing, Plato must first state its definition, by showing justice in its perfect form in order to discover the true essence of it. Therefore, Socrates claims that the only way to have a perfect state is if the state has a perfect leader, thus he introduces the concept of the philosopher-king. Plato identifies political justice as harmony in a structured political body. An ideal state consists of three main classes of people: producers, auxiliaries, and the guardians (rulers); a state is just when relations between these three classes are right. Justice is a principle of specialization: a principle that requires that each person fulfils the societal role to which nature fitted him or her, and does not interfere in any other business. Socrates describes philosophers as those who love the sight of truth (475-e). He claims that what makes philosophers different from lovers of sights and sounds is that they apprehend the Forms. While lovers of sights and sounds love beautiful things, they are unable to see the nature of beauty itself. The Philosophers, on the other hand, believe that beauty exists and can see both it and the things it participates in. In order to back up this claim, that only philosophers can have knowledge, Socrates paints a metaphysical and epistemological picture. He divides the concept of knowledge into: what is, what is not and an intermediate between being and not being. This intermediate between knowledge and ignorance is what he defines as an opinion and casts it as a fallible power. Furthermore, knowledge is the strongest infallible power that is set over the being or what is. Given that only philosophers can have knowledge, Socrates emphasizes that they are clearly the ones best able to grasp what is good for the state, and so are in the best position to know how to run and govern it. Plato offers a more intuitive explanation for why the philosophers are virtuous. He idealizes them as being focused and determined because they are  fond of learning the function of the being, which does not wander between coming to be and decaying. At the end of Book IV, Plato argues that the nature of the state and the individual are the same. Furthermore, he promotes the notion that when the virtues of reason, passion, and desire act in perfect harmony the individual and consequently the state will become just. Though it is not directly stated, it is fair to make the allusion that Plato would have assumed the same for the Philosophers. Their desires also incline strongly for learning, therefore, weakening other pleasures of the soul. Their emotions and appetites no longer provide a strong impetus toward vice, making the Philosophers moderate in character. Courage also considered as an important characteristic, is defined as the power to preserve through everything its belief abo ut what things are to be feared (429-c). Since the Philosopher devotes his being to understanding the essence of universal truth, he does not consider individual human life as a priority, making him fearless of death. Even though, the Philosopher possesses all the needed virtues, Socrates fails to explain how such a special ruler will be able to relate with the common folk. A person of such immense talent would most likely be needed in other parts of the state as well, but according to Plato, he should be given the power to rule, erasing all possibilities of a Philosophers individual choice to devote his life to a different task. And while the Philosopher is portrayed as a perfect leader for the state nationally, there is no mention of why he would be so attached to the state or how international affairs would be handled. Lastly, one cant help but worry that despite having a philosophical nature and possessing all needed virtues, there is no guarantee that a philosopher would not become corrupted, as it is hard to be a good person in a bad society. Socrates explores the nature of the guardians further to describe the different types of corruption to which the philosophic nature is susceptible. Using the analogy of the seed (human soul) and its environment, Socrates argues that, in most cases, alien soil produces noxious weeds. Sophists and spurious educators are indicted in this corruption, for they create values outside and inferior to virtue. Socrates compares their morality, which derives from the masses they serve, to the understanding and rationalization of the tempers of a mighty strong beast. His analogy of the mighty beast criticizes the majority, or mass, notion of morality. What is the opinion of most men, in fact, of the world, is almost always not the opinion or should it be said, knowledge of the philosophers. The masses are neither wise, nor temperate, nor courageous; as a result, their desires do not reflect the good, because of their lack of strenuous education. And thus, because the true philosophers must hold to a minority truth or renounce their nature, they are condemned to persecution by the multitudes the very people that need them the most. Socrates seems to create a paradox: the city cannot do without philosophy, but it can also hardly tolerate it. Antagonism between the philosophic nature and the binding pressure of the multitudes ensures that a potentially great philosopher is lost or warped. No government exists in which he may utilize fully his innate and learned gifts. Often, says Socrates, the dejected philosopher seeks refuge in solitude, contrary to a previously made point that a true leader will want to lead not for power, but for fear that somebody less competent than themselves will rule. The fact that Philosophers would give up on lawlessness around them to do work quietly alone contradicts Platos description of a rightful leader. The problem of how to ease the clash between philosophers and the majority, making it possible for philosophers to assume their rightful position as rulers is, logically enough, the next topic. Erasing the state and the manners of men to achieve a clean surface on which to sketch the new plan is Socrates first, though seemingly impossible solution (the other is the philosophical education of kings). In summation, the relationship of the philosopher of the state is one of exploration and criticism. Only by balancing the traits of reason, passion, and desire will the individual being to understand notions of the greatest good. After this understanding has been reached, he or she must attempt to share these values with the citizens of the state. Unfortunately, the people whom this philosopher is trying to educate about the greatest good are too caught up with the trials of their own lives to comprehend a society in which justice is absolute. As the ultimate fate of Socrates demonstrates,  being a philosopher is not a simple task. Generally, people are uncomfortable with trading their freedom for a world in which justice is absolute. Since the masses are not entitled to the education of the guardians, a desire to be rich, powerful or famous will prevail over the values of the philosopher. His ideals, no matter how noble, will almost always fall upon deaf ears.

Educating Rita By Willy Russell and The Social, Historical And Cultural Context Of Britain In The Late 1970s :: Educating Rita russell Essays

"Educating Rita" By Willy Russell and The Social, Historical And Cultural Context Of Britain In The Late 1970's 'Educating Rita' by 'Willy Russell relates to the social, historical and cultural context of Britain in the late 1970's throughout the play and this extremely strong and believable reference to these three subjects contribute to a good piece of drama. 'Willy Russell' makes these references in everything, from the smallest detail, Rita's hair colour to the extreme stereotyping of each of the two classes. These experiences are based on 'Russell's' own life and the character of 'Rita' is a mirror of him, because of this it is a strong and realistic account of the 1970's. 'Rita' has shared the same experiences as 'Russell' in both school and work, they were both under pier pressure not to do well and school and would be singled out if they studied. Rita: "But studyin' was just for wimps, wasn't it? See, if I'd started takin' school seriously I would have become different from me mates, an' that's not allowed." Because of this attitude to school, or the attitude school gave them, both 'Rita' and 'Russell' ended up in a dead end hairdressing job, but both of them decided they would change there life and both began to break away. I think that because so much reference is realistic due to the above, an audience of 1979 or 1980 when they play was shown would have been able to relate so well to the characters, especially people in there twenties or forties now because they would be able to remember what it was like for them when they went to school or university and they would be filled with past memories and emotions, a sign of good drama, something that can evoke emotions. During the play the characters of 'Rita' and 'Frank are the biggest demonstration of cultural difference. Rita represents the working class culture and stands for what they were, a class who strived to escape their dead end jobs and make a better life for themselves, Frank, on the other hand is the representation of the working class. Although some might say he is a disgrace to his culture he is a perfect example of the middle classes, someone who has it handed to them on a plate and they take it for granted. These differences are first noticed at the beginning of the play, in 'Rita's' opening scenes. She misses the ends off of her sentences that are usually grammatically in correct; she speaks in restricted code. Frank, the middle class man speaks in grammatically correct sentences and also uses, elaborate code.

Relationship of Race and Ethnicity Essay

Former President Jimmy Carter once said, â€Å"We have become not a melting pot but a beautiful mosaic. Different people, different beliefs, different yearnings, different hopes, different dreams† (â€Å"iCelebrateDiversity. com†). The United States has grown to be a country of immigrants filled with different beliefs, cultures, faiths, and heritages. Therefore, there is a diverse ethnic population among the people of America. Theories seek to explain why ethnic distinctions are made in the first place, why some ethnic groups discriminate against others†¦, why prejudice exists, why some ethnic groups remain identifiable, and why others melt into the dominant culture. Many different theories exist concerning ethnic relations (Aguirre and Turner 32). My racial and ethnic identity comes from what these theories or theoretical perspectives have to say. There are two theories that relate to my racial and ethnic identity. The first is called the assimilation theory. Milton Gordon (1964) emphasizes, it is to â€Å"the middle class cultural patterns of †¦ white, Anglo-Saxon† culture that immigrants to the United States have had to adapt (Aguirre and Turner 33). What he is saying was that every ethnic group that has immigrated to the United States has had to change their customs and ways to adapt to the white, Anglo-Saxon culture. There are different degrees in which the different ethnic subpopulations had to make progress in adjusting to the Anglo-Saxon culture. Cultural assimilation occurs when the values, beliefs, dogmas, ideologies, language, and other systems of symbols of the dominant culture are adopted (Aguirre and Turner 33). All the ethnic groups have been culturally assimilated to the Anglo-Saxon culture. Along with cultural assimilation comes structural assimilation. Structural assimilation occurs when migrant ethnic groups become members of the primary groups within dominant ethnic subpopulations like their families, close friends, cliques within clubs, and groups within organizations (Aguirre and Turner 33). It is harder to accomplish structural assimilation than cultural assimilation because it involves access into interacting and associating with the dominant ethnic groups. Members of ethnic groups may lack more primary and personal connections with members of dominant ethnic groups even when they enter more secondary and formal structures like schools, workplaces, and political arenas. The social identity theory, also known as the psychological theory, is the most prominent psychological approach to ethnic relations. One level of the psychological theory, called the role identity, is the identity that each human being has of themselves in certain roles like being a father, mother, worker, student, and so forth. The second level of identity is self-conception and involves emotions, cognitions, and evaluations that people make of their â€Å"whole self. † A third level, and the one most relevant to ethnic relation, is social identity and it emerges when people see themselves as members of a social category vis-a-vis other social categories (Aguirre and Turner 37). For example, one kind of social identity is being male or female or being African American or Latino. Once social identities are formed, they take on a life of their own. Individuals are born into families whose members carry these identities, with the result that the young are socialized in to the prototype of beliefs, norms, and behaviors appropriate to this identity (Aguirre and Turner 38). Socialization moves past the family to friends and organizations if they have a high rate of involvement with non-family members who hold this same identity. The race of my family is Asian and the ethnicity is Vietnamese. Since I am the first generation of my family in the United States, I would be Asian-American. These theories I have talked about explain a lot about what my racial and ethnic identity is. The assimilation theory talks about being absorbed into the middle-class Anglo-Saxon culture. I think that my family has done well into adopting and mixing the Anglo-Saxon culture with our own Vietnamese culture. I was born and raised in a middle-class rural area where the population is heavily filled with white Anglo-Saxon people. I went to grade, middle, and high school where everyone around me was white and I was the only or among a few Asian students. To get along with the society around us, my family and I had to change up some customs and beliefs in order to associate properly with the white Anglo-Saxon people. Some changes my parents have made was learning to speak and write English, learning how to cook and eat American food, and learning how to live and communicate freely since Vietnam has many restrictions. I have been very fortunate to have a wide range of diverse friends and been able to join sports teams and clubs during school. The psychological theory has created identities that make me unique from the people around me. Some role identities that make me who I am are being a student, son, brother, cousin, friend, and worker. Some self-conception roles I have attained are being grateful for what I have in front of me, being generous and considerate to others, having good manners, and standing up for myself when I’m disrespected. My social identities include being male, Asian-American, Vietnamese, Pennsylvanian, and Catholic. The psychological theory has helped me determine who I am and where I belong. It also has informed me that being Asian has made me look at both the differences and similarities between the Asian and Anglo-Saxon cultures. In conclusion, these theories have really helped me understand my racial and ethnic background spectrum. They have allowed me to recognize how my family and I transitioned to the American way of life. Since I’m Asian-American, I can have the best of both worlds: the Asian music and food and the American way of living and freedom. I am very fortunate to be living in a country with so many different people with different backgrounds, beliefs, and custom. Works Cited Aguirre, Jr. , Adalberto, and Jonathan H. Turner. American Ethnicity: The Dynamics and Consequences of Discrimination. Sixth. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. , 2009. Print. â€Å"Diversity Quotes. † iCelebrateDiversity. com. Web. 2 Oct 2009. .

Cyber Security, By Mark Rasch - 791 Words

The ISSA conference was very enlightening and interesting. Mark Rasch introduced cyber security to us from a very different perspective that I haven’t had anyone explore before. To some extent it clears and clarifies some of the decisions that have been taken resulting in the many different cases that I have read in the news regarding cyber security. The closest example that comes to mind is the Snowden case in regards to privacy and security laws. In addition to that, I concur with Mark regarding the laws that are stated that in terms of privacy are not as transparent and certain loopholes change the way these laws can have effect upon an individual, organization or an employee. As per what I understood from his initial remarks about lawmaking from his early work experience. The scenarios that Mark jumped into, being that conference a room of senior officials who have all the authority and power that they need to take certain kinds of decisions that will change things beyond our borders. It was an on-the-spot exercise that actually made me think harder and allowed me to grasp better the basic knowledge and understanding of cyber security that I have gained throughout this semester. I have been recommended to read Sun Tzu’s ‘Art of War’ as it not only covers strategic aspects of only war but the main analogy of it could be applied to an individual’s way of living and how he/she deals with the things that are encountered in one’s daily life. Keeping that in mind, hisShow MoreRelated Security, Software, and Ethics Essay4391 Words   |  18 PagesSecurity, Software, and Ethics Introduction Every day, we use computer software to perform everyday tasks. These can range from sending e-mail, balancing your checkbook, web browsing, shopping and much more. Most people dont stop to think about the security of the software that we use on a daily basis. Users are more concerned about getting their work done, and security is little more than an afterthought. Security is a very important and often overlooked aspect of software development