1984 Themes, Symbols, and Literary Devices

Written at a time when dictatorships and totalitarian regimes were establishing a hold over much of the world despite the defeat of Hitler’s Nazis in World War II, in 1984 Orwell described what he saw as the inevitable outcome of any political movement that embraced authoritarianism and the cult of personality. Orwell was extremely frightened of political power being concentrated in a small number of individuals, correctly seeing it as a pathway to the loss of personal freedoms, and foresaw the technology that would make the erasure of those freedoms a simple task. Totalitarianism The most obvious and powerful theme of the novel is, of course, totalitarianism itself. A totalitarian state is one where there is only one political force legally permitted—all opposition to the state’s policies and actions is illegal, usually categorized as treason and met with violent retribution. This naturally stifles freedom of expression and makes change within the system impossible. In democratic societies, opposition groups can form political parties, express their ideas freely, and force the state to address concerns or be replaced. In a totalitarian society, this is impossible. Orwell’s Oceania goes further than even most existing totalitarian states. Where real-world authoritarian leaders seek to restrict information and control their populations in terms of their physical movements and spoken or written communication, Orwell’s government of the future seeks to inhibit thought itself and alter information at the source. Newspeak is a language invented by the state specifically to make independent thought literally impossible, and even Winston’s physical surroundings are designed to inhibit his freedoms, like the way his small apartment is dominated by the enormous two-way television screen, crowding him into a corner he incorrectly believes offers him some degree of privacy. That illusion is crucial to Orwell’s theme, as he strives to demonstrate that in a truly totalitarian society all freedom is in fact an illusion. Winston believes he finds ways to resist and meaningfully fight back against repression, all of which turn out to be gambits controlled by the state. Orwell argues that people who imagine they would heroically resist such a repressive regime are kidding themselves. Control of Information A crucial aspect of Oceania’s control over the citizenry is its manipulation of information. Workers at the Ministry of Truth actively adjust newspapers and books on a daily basis to match the ever-changing version of history that suits the purposes of the state. Without any kind of reliable source of facts, Winston and anyone who, like him, is dissatisfied or concerned about the state of the world, has only their vague feelings on which to base their resistance. More than simply a reference to Joseph Stalin’s practice of literally airbrushing people out of historical records, this is a chilling demonstration of how a lack of information and accurate data renders people powerless. Winston daydreams of a past that never actually existed and sees it as the goal of his rebellion, but since he lacks any real information, his rebellion is meaningless. Consider how he is tricked into overtly betraying the state by O’Brien. All the information Winston has about the Brotherhood and Emmanuel Goldstein is fed to him by the state itself. He has no idea if any of it is true—if the Brotherhood even exists, if there is even a man named Emmanuel Goldstein. Destruction of the Self Winston’s torture at the end of the novel is not simply punishment for his Thoughtcrimes and incompetent attempts to rebel; the purpose of the torture is to eradicate his sense of self. This is the ultimate goal of totalitarian regimes according to Orwell: A complete subservience to the goals, needs, and ideas of the state. The torture Winston undergoes is designed to destroy his individuality. In fact, every aspect of life in Oceania is designed to achieve this goal. Newspeak is designed to prevent negative thoughts or any thought that is not approved or generated by the state. The Two-Minutes Hate and the presence of Big Brother posters promote a sense of homogeneous community, and the presence of Thought Police—especially the children, who have been raised in the poisoned environment of the totalitarian state and who function as credulous and uncritical servants of its philosophy—prevents any sort of trust or true kinship. In fact, the Thought Police do not have to actually exist to achieve this goal. Simply the belief that they do is sufficient to inhibit any individual expression, with the ultimate result that the self is subsumed into Groupthink. Symbols Big Brother. The most powerful and recognizable symbol from the book—recognized even by people who have not read it—is the looming image of Big Brother on posters everywhere. The posters obviously symbolize the power and omniscience of the party, but they are only ominous to those who retain any kind of individual thought. For those fully assimilated into the party line, Big Brother is not an ironic term—he is seen as a protector, a kindly older sibling keeping them from harm, whether it be the threat of outside forces, or the threat of unmutual thoughts. Proles. Winston is obsessed with the lives of the proles, and fetishizes the red-armed prole woman as his main hope for the future, because she represents the potentially overwhelming power of numbers as well as a mother who will bear future generations of free children. It is notable that Winston’s best hope for the future takes the responsibility from his hands—he is not the one counted on to deliver this ill-defined future, it is up to the proles to rise up. And if they do not, the implication is that it is because they are dull and lazy. Telescreens. Another obvious symbol are the wall-sized televisions in every private space. This literal intrusion by the state is not a commentary on modern television, which did not exist in any meaningful way in 1948, but rather a symbol of the destructive and repressive power of technology. Orwell distrusted technology, and saw it as a grave danger to freedom. Literary Devices Limited Point of View. Orwell chooses to restrict our access to information by tying the narrative solely to Winston’s point of view. This is done specifically to keep the reader reliant on the information they are given, just as Winston is. This underscores the betrayal and shock that both feel when, for example, the Brotherhood is revealed to be fictional. Plain Language. 1984 is written in a very plain style, with few flourishes or unnecessary words. While many students take this to mean Orwell was a humorless man, or who simply lacked the ability to write in an exciting way, the fact is the opposite: Orwell had such control over his art he was able to match his writing style precisely to the mood and setting. The novel is written in a sparse, grim style that perfectly matches and evokes the grim, unhappy, and hopeless setting. The reader experiences the same dull, plodding sense of mere existence that Winston does.

Essay on Twentienth Century Musical Pieces - 582 Words

Music during the twentieth century and beyond all found their basis and roots in music produced during the areas preceding it. Wozzeck, Pavanne, and Concerto Grosso by Alban Berg, Bill Evans, and Ellen Taaffe Zwilich prove to be no different. All three pieces draw on the inspirations left by their predecessors in order to create truly unique and memorable works. Though the pieces are from the same time period, they sound inherently different. This all stems from the fact that each composer drew from dissimilar musical eras and put their own type of improvisation or flares on the work. Berg draws on stylistic elements of the romantic era opera. In his piece entitled â€Å"Wozzeck†, Berg incorporates the use of the romantic ideals of the power†¦show more content†¦The work has jazz beginnings and integrates the use improvisation and solos. These twentieth century musical tactics are what put his piece into this era other than just the time period in which it was produce d. Ogerman utilizes the instrumentation of Bach by using a classical string quartet, percussion, piano and strings. He also borrows stylistic elements from Chopin, Scriabin, and Granados. Ogerman does this by using pianistic appreggiated chords, mood paintings to create a mystical realm, and a melancholy sound. Due to these compositional techniques, I found myself favoring this piece out of all of the three pieces. I thought that this work sounded the closest to the musical style that I am more familiar with. It reminded me of music that they play elevators. Its soothing melody and liberated quality made it for me, the easiest to listen to. Furthermore, Zwilich’s piece entitled â€Å"Concert Grosso† was inspired by components of the Baroque era. This can be seen by the use of the harpsichord, lack of soloist, cadence, and trills throughout the work. Zwilich also utilizes the strings and woodwinds sections that were stereotypical of the Baroque time period. She bases h er work off of Handel’s â€Å"Sonata in D for Violin and Continuo.† According to the textbook Music Appreciation Online, Zwilich’s piece is â€Å"based on the melodic influence of Handel.† In these melodies, she was able to incorporate the

Operation Management of the McKinsey Company †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Operation Management of the McKinsey Company. Answer: The operation department of the McKinsey Company is highly dependent upon digital manufacturing. This can help them to gain competitive advantage in the rapidly evolving global market. The main purpose of implementing digital manufacturing is to have advanced level of communication. Advanced level of information can also be gathered with the help of digital marketing. This is required in the process of implementing advanced level of business plan and smooth functioning of operational department of the McKinsey Company (Digitizing the value chain, 2018). As the process of value chain has been digitized, the McKinsey Company has been able to implement flexibility within the same. As more sources of raw materials is been fixed for the company, it is possible to bring about sustainability within the same. As flexibility is being imposed within the system, it is possible to change the marketing plan and implement marketing innovation. In the modern era of business environment I do believe every business organisation need to focus upon customer satisfaction. Most of the business policies of successful organisations focus upon customer based orientation. Nevertheless in order to implement the policy it is essential for the company to use advanced form of business communication tools. The customer experience is believed to be the prime element that can help to gain proper recognition of a brand. The customers experience and suggestions are considered to be the primary data that are analysed in implementing future business plan (Developing a customer-experience vision, 2018). As the demand levels of customer do change, it is essential for the companies to keep themselves updated to maintain the level of customer satisfaction. This will help in the process of customer retention. As the process of technology is implemented within the customer service experience, it is possible to modify the overall business operations. This will help the companies to better connect with the customers. It is highly essential to explode the underlying designs that are used in business planning method by large-scale multinational corporations. It is important to note that most of the designs of multinational corporations are aims to provide effective form of customer service. Gathering of essential data through social media and other online databases are essential in implementing effective business design (More than a feeling: Ten design practices to deliver business value, 2018). Optimised use of business design is believed to be one of the key elements of success in the age of globalisation. I do believe every company need to aim more advanced level of business design that can be subject to constant change. In order to improve upon the values of business, it is crucial to improve upon the existing business design. This can enhance the business operations and thereby help the management to provide full customer orientation service. With advanced business design, it will be possible to quickly meet with the demands of the customers. The culture of a business organisation is highly essential element as it decides upon the level of customer relationship the company will maintain. High level of cultural diversity can be a major challenge that is needed to deal with the issues related with controlling the human resource. I do believe one of the major advantages of design driven business plan is to ensure that all available resources within the organisation are being properly utilised. Most of the business organisations in the modern era are trying to improve upon the customer experience through advanced business culture. It is also essential to maintain cultural diversity within the business mission, which can help them to achieve greater customer friendly orientation (Building a design-driven culture, 2018). One of the main purposes of the design driven business culture, is the ability of the manager to better connect with the target customers. The core culture of business needs to enhanced as it can assist in the process of innovation in business design. Referencs Building a design-driven culture. (2018).McKinsey Company. Retrieved 11 March 2018, from https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/marketing-and-sales/our-insights/building-a-design-driven-culture Developing a customer-experience vision. (2018).McKinsey Company. Retrieved 11 March 2018, from https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/marketing-and-sales/our-insights/developing-a-customer-experience-vision Digitizing the value chain. (2018).McKinsey Company. Retrieved 11 March 2018, from https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/digitizing-the-value-chain More than a feeling: Ten design practices to deliver business value. (2018).McKinsey Company. Retrieved 11 March 2018, from https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/mckinsey-design/our-insights/more-than-a-feeling-ten-design-practices-to-deliver-business-value

The development of Free Jazz Essay Example For Students

The development of Free Jazz Essay All music has to develop into something new and by the late 1950s jazz was ready for a slight turn. A musical style called free jazz emerged with slight differences that has influenced most improvised music to this day. Some people despised this musics lack of set form. They found it difficult to listen to because of the missing order and lack of pre-planed notes. Others embraced the new music and its emphasis on random feelings of emotion. For the men that developed free jazz it was a journey to find the ultimate expression in music. There is no set definition for free jazz. In free jazz, musicians improvise freely without adherence to time keeping patterns, conventional solo versus accompaniment roles, or the preset arrangement of harmonies a chord progression that commonly guided improvisation in earlier styles.Free Jazz Encyclopedia Britannica Online We will write a custom essay on The development of Free Jazz specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Ornette Coleman, one of the leading men in free jazz, when asked the definition of free jazz said In most music the composition determines the song, in free jazz, however, the song determines the composition. By this he means that in free jazz the song depends on what is going on around the musician instead of already determined notes. People could say that that is true with improvised music in general but in much of improvised music there are set chord progressions that limit the notes that can be played at certain times. Free jazz brought about a more open and natural type of improvisation in music. There are a few major common elements in free jazz. Some times the music is based on the moment. The musician would play based on the mood in the room. He would ignore the chords and rhythms of the piece and use the energy in the room to make the piece best for that particular time. Sometimes there is collective improvisation in which some or all of the musicians are improvising at the same time. This is difficult because the musicians do not know what the other musicians are going to play next. And sometimes there is an odd or free time signature, and then music does not follow a strict tempo. A good example of this is mentioned in the book All you need is Love: the story of popular music. It says Ornette Coleman slowed down or speeded up the tempo of his quartet at will, thus destroying all sense of regular meter or symmetry. These ideas developed over time in certain musicians and later other musicians learned these styles from them. It is difficult to tell the history behind of free jazz with the many men that helped develop it. There were two men mainly credited with developing this style: Ornette Coleman and John Coltrane. Both men had separate careers but both created his own kind of free jazz. Ornette Coleman was best known for free jazz. His Album Free Jazz is where the name of this music was derived. Inspired by the music of Charlie Parker, Coleman started  playing alto saxophone at 14 in 1944. When he started playing he made a mistake when reading the music. This mistake made him look at harmony and pitch differently. He later learned how to play the tenor saxophone and played in an RB band. People didnt like his playing because it was not proper blues. After playing with a couple of other bands he took work not related to music but still studied music theory. In the Mid 50s he found other musicians that respected his ideas. Doing some recordings he formed the Coleman Quartet and started playing at the New Yorks Spot Cafe. He later recorded several albums including Free Jazz. By the end of the 60s Coleman added electric guitars to his music and formed the band Prime Time. He called his music Harmolodics to symbolize the equal importance of harmony, melody and rhythm. .u58cc6d800878ca69ef47aaba9210fbb3 , .u58cc6d800878ca69ef47aaba9210fbb3 .postImageUrl , .u58cc6d800878ca69ef47aaba9210fbb3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u58cc6d800878ca69ef47aaba9210fbb3 , .u58cc6d800878ca69ef47aaba9210fbb3:hover , .u58cc6d800878ca69ef47aaba9210fbb3:visited , .u58cc6d800878ca69ef47aaba9210fbb3:active { border:0!important; } .u58cc6d800878ca69ef47aaba9210fbb3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u58cc6d800878ca69ef47aaba9210fbb3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u58cc6d800878ca69ef47aaba9210fbb3:active , .u58cc6d800878ca69ef47aaba9210fbb3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u58cc6d800878ca69ef47aaba9210fbb3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u58cc6d800878ca69ef47aaba9210fbb3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u58cc6d800878ca69ef47aaba9210fbb3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u58cc6d800878ca69ef47aaba9210fbb3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u58cc6d800878ca69ef47aaba9210fbb3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u58cc6d800878ca69ef47aaba9210fbb3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u58cc6d800878ca69ef47aaba9210fbb3 .u58cc6d800878ca69ef47aaba9210fbb3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u58cc6d800878ca69ef47aaba9210fbb3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Violent Music and It's Impact on children EssayBorn in 1926, Coltrane played the alto saxophone at the Ornstein School of music in Philadelphia. He was influenced by the music that was later known as RB. Starting his career he played with a couple big bands. While playing for Dizzy Gillespie Big band he switched to the tenor saxophone. While Coltrane was playing with the Miles Davis band in 1955, Davis was criticized for his choice of a saxophonist because of Coltranes awkward sound. He was fired from Daviss Band because of his heroin problems. That gave Coltrane the awakening he needed. He quit heroin and focused on his art. He worked with many well-know artists and released some recordings as a leader instead of a sideman. As his music evolved he studied world religions and music of different cultures allowing him to add more flavor to jazz. In the mid 60s he emphasized more on expression and put more aggressiveness in his music known as avant-garde, which is like free jazz. During the 50s and 60s men like Ornette Coleman, John Coltrane, and others developed a form of jazz know as free jazz that violated traditional structures, tonalities, forms, chord sequences, modes of improvisation, rhythms, and even the tempered scale. Free Jazz Dictionary of American Pop/Rock Some people do not like it because of its total disorder. Free jazz took classical jazz and brought it into the modern era.